Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) with GGT
A broad blood-chemistry baseline for kidney, liver, electrolytes, and blood sugar, with GGT added for sharper liver detail.
Consider this test if:
- Setting a broad annual baseline for kidney, liver, and metabolic health
- Investigating fatigue, swelling, excessive thirst, nausea, or abdominal pain
- Tracking liver markers if you drink regularly, carry extra weight, or have fatty liver
- Taking medications that can affect the liver or kidneys and need periodic monitoring
- Following up an elevated alkaline phosphatase, where GGT helps separate liver from bone causes
Currently unavailable in your state.
This test isn't offered by labs in your state yet.
Pre-test considerations
Fasting for 9 to 12 hours is recommended for the most accurate glucose reading; water is fine. Heavy alcohol in the days before can raise GGT and liver enzymes, and recent intense exercise can elevate AST. Schedule a morning draw if you are fasting.
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What this test is for
The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel covers 14 core chemistries: glucose, kidney markers (BUN, creatinine), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2), calcium, and liver markers (total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, AST, ALT). This version adds GGT, an enzyme that rises with bile-duct issues, fatty liver, and alcohol use, which helps clarify whether an elevated alkaline phosphatase is coming from the liver or from bone. Together these numbers screen for kidney function, liver health, electrolyte and acid-base balance, hydration, and blood sugar, and they are commonly checked when investigating fatigue, swelling, excessive thirst, abdominal pain, or to monitor medications that affect the liver or kidneys.
This is the broad chemistry panel. The Basic Metabolic Panel covers glucose, kidney markers, and electrolytes only, while the Hepatic Function Panel focuses on liver enzymes and proteins; the CMP with GGT combines both and adds GGT, making it the better default when you want a wide metabolic baseline in one draw.
Biomarkers tested
Includes 17 biomarkers
Albumin is the protein your liver churns out in the largest quantity, and it does double duty: it holds water inside your blood vessels (so fluid doesn't leak into tissue) and ferries hormones, fatty acids, and medications through your bloodstream. Low albumin points to liver disease, kidney protein loss, chronic inflammation, or poor nutrition, and often shows up alongside swelling, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss. Because it reflects both liver production and overall protein status, it's a useful baseline check and a quick way to see whether inflammation or malnutrition is quietly dragging your protein reserves down.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Mass concentration
The albumin/globulin ratio compares your two main blood protein groups: albumin, made by the liver to hold fluid in vessels and carry hormones and nutrients, and globulins, produced largely by the immune system to fight infection and transport other molecules. A low ratio points to liver disease, kidney protein loss, chronic inflammation, or an overactive immune system driving up globulins, while a high ratio suggests low globulin production or an immune system that is underactive. Pair it with total protein, albumin, and liver enzymes to sort out whether fatigue, swelling, or unexplained weight change traces back to your liver, kidneys, or immune activity.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Ratio
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Enzyme activity
ALT is an enzyme that lives mostly inside liver cells, where it helps metabolize amino acids. When liver cells get inflamed or damaged, from alcohol, fatty liver, viral hepatitis, or certain medications and supplements, they leak ALT into the bloodstream, making it the most specific marker of liver cell injury on a standard panel. It's worth tracking as a baseline if you drink regularly, use supplements or medications processed by the liver, or carry extra weight, and worth investigating if you have unexplained fatigue, abdominal discomfort, or nausea, since ALT often rises well before symptoms do.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Enzyme activity
AST is an enzyme that lives inside liver cells (and muscle and heart cells too), and it spills into your blood when those cells get damaged. High AST flags liver strain from alcohol, fatty liver, medications, or infection, though muscle damage from intense training can also push it up, which is why it's usually read alongside ALT to pinpoint the source. It's worth tracking as a baseline for liver health, before starting a new supplement or medication, or when investigating fatigue, abdominal discomfort, or unexplained changes in appetite.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Enzyme activity
Calcium does far more than build bone: nerves fire, muscles contract, blood clots, and hormones release only when calcium levels stay in a tight range. This test measures total calcium in serum, which parathyroid hormone and vitamin D regulate together with your bones acting as the reserve tank. High calcium points to overactive parathyroid glands, excess vitamin D, or certain cancers, while low calcium suggests parathyroid or kidney dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency, or poor absorption, and either extreme can drive fatigue, muscle cramps, tingling, brain fog, or irregular heartbeat worth investigating.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Mass concentration
Total CO2 measures the bicarbonate-based buffer your blood uses to keep pH stable, reflecting how your lungs and kidneys balance acid and base. Low levels point toward metabolic acidosis (from kidney disease, uncontrolled diabetes, or chronic diarrhea) while high levels suggest metabolic alkalosis or a compensated respiratory condition, both worth clarifying if you're dealing with unexplained fatigue, rapid breathing, or confusion. It's part of the standard electrolyte panel, so most people track it as a baseline metabolic marker alongside sodium, potassium, and chloride rather than ordering it alone.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Substance concentration
Chloride is the main negative ion in your blood, working alongside sodium and bicarbonate to hold fluid balance, blood volume, and acid-base status steady. Low levels track with vomiting, dehydration, or metabolic alkalosis, while high levels point toward dehydration or metabolic acidosis, often from kidney or GI losses. Ordered as part of a basic metabolic panel, it mainly serves as a baseline check and a way to make sense of symptoms like dizziness, muscle cramps, or persistent fatigue tied to fluid or electrolyte shifts.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Substance concentration
Creatinine is a waste product released as your muscles break down creatine for energy, and your kidneys filter it out of the blood at a steady rate. When creatinine rises, it usually means the kidneys are filtering less efficiently, making it the core marker for kidney function and the basis for calculating eGFR. Test it as a baseline for kidney health, to monitor the impact of blood pressure, diabetes, high-protein diets, or supplements like creatine, or to investigate unexplained fatigue, swelling, or changes in urination.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Mass concentration
GGT is an enzyme concentrated in liver cells and bile duct linings, and it leaks into blood when liver cells are stressed or bile flow is obstructed. It's the most sensitive marker for alcohol-related liver stress and for checking whether an alkaline phosphatase elevation is coming from the liver or from bone. Rising GGT also shows up alongside fatigue, right-upper-abdominal discomfort, or unexplained changes in other liver enzymes, and it's a useful baseline for tracking how alcohol intake, medications, or fatty liver risk are affecting liver health over time.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Enzyme activity
Globulin is calculated by subtracting albumin from total protein, capturing the group of proteins your liver and immune system produce, including antibodies that fight infection and carrier proteins that transport hormones and nutrients. High globulin points to chronic inflammation, infection, or an overactive immune system producing excess antibodies, sometimes seen in autoimmune disease or certain blood cancers, while low globulin suggests impaired liver production or immune suppression. Paired with albumin and total protein, it helps clarify unexplained fatigue, recurrent infections, or abnormal liver panels, and gives proactive testers a baseline read on liver and immune protein production.
- Specimen
- Serum
- Measures
- Mass concentration
Glucose measures the sugar circulating in your blood right now, the fuel your cells burn for energy and the hormone insulin works constantly to keep in range. High readings point toward insulin resistance, prediabetes, or diabetes, while low readings can explain shakiness, lightheadedness, irritability, or brain fog between meals. Pair it with fasting insulin or A1c to see whether your body is managing glucose efficiently or working overtime to do it, and use it to track how diet, training, or sleep changes are actually moving your metabolism.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Mass concentration
Potassium regulates the electrical signaling that fires your heart muscle, contracts your muscles, and controls nerve conduction, with cells and kidneys working together to keep it in a tight range. Levels that drift high or low show up as muscle weakness, cramping, palpitations, or fatigue, and can result from dehydration, kidney function changes, certain blood pressure medications, or heavy sweating from training. It's a core piece of any electrolyte or kidney panel, useful for a baseline check and essential context if you're on diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or pushing hard in endurance training where fluid and mineral losses run high.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Substance concentration
Sodium is the main electrolyte outside your cells and it controls how water distributes across your body, keeping blood volume and blood pressure stable while nerves and muscles fire correctly. Low sodium shows up as fatigue, headache, confusion, nausea, or muscle cramps, and points to excess water retention, heavy sweating, certain medications, or kidney and hormone issues, while high sodium usually signals dehydration. It's a core part of any metabolic panel, useful as a baseline check and essential for investigating unexplained fatigue, dizziness, or muscle cramping, especially in endurance athletes or anyone on diuretics.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Substance concentration
Total bilirubin measures the pigment left over when your body breaks down old red blood cells, a job the liver clears by processing it into bile. High levels point to a liver struggling to keep up (hepatitis, fatty liver, bile duct blockage) or red cells breaking down faster than normal, and often show up as yellowing skin or eyes, dark urine, or fatigue. It pairs with ALT, AST, and ALP to pinpoint whether a problem sits in the liver cells, the bile ducts, or upstream in the blood itself, and mildly elevated results with otherwise normal liver panels usually reflect Gilbert's syndrome, a harmless and common genetic quirk.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Mass concentration
Total protein adds up albumin and globulins, the workhorses that hold fluid in your blood vessels, carry hormones and nutrients, and fuel your immune defenses. Low levels point toward liver disease, kidney loss of protein, malnutrition, or poor absorption, while high levels can flag chronic inflammation or dehydration. It's a quick baseline check within a metabolic panel, and if your levels drift off, it usually leads straight to albumin and globulin breakdowns to pinpoint what's driving it.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Mass concentration
Blood urea nitrogen tracks the waste product your liver makes when it breaks down protein, cleared by kidneys that filter it out of circulation. High BUN points to reduced kidney filtration, dehydration, or a high protein intake, while low levels can reflect liver trouble or very low protein diets. Paired with creatinine, it rounds out a kidney function baseline and helps investigate fatigue, swelling, changes in urination, or unexplained shifts tied to diet, hydration, or medication changes.
- Specimen
- Serum or plasma
- Measures
- Mass concentration
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