Biomarker library
A plain-English reference for common lab biomarkers. Each page explains what the marker does, why it matters for long-term health, and what high or low results can mean. For the complete list of tests Mito offers, browse our test directory.
Explore the full test catalog
Every lab test, panel, scan, and at-home kit Mito offers in one A-to-Z directory, with pricing and availability on each test page.
A
- Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (uACR)
Learn what Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (uACR) reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Albumin/Globulin Ratio
Balance between albumin and globulin, may indicate liver or kidney issues.
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Enzyme related to bile ducts; high levels may indicate liver or bone disease.
- Amylase
Helps diagnose acute pancreatitis or salivary gland disorders.
- Anti Mullerian Hormone
Learn what Anti Mullerian Hormone reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Apolipoprotein B (apoB)
Compared to LDL cholesterol, ApoB has shown to be a better predictor of heart disease and stroke.
- Arachidonic Acid
Learn what Arachidonic Acid reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Arachidonic Acid/EPA Ratio
Learn what Arachidonic Acid/EPA Ratio reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
B
- Bilirubin in Urine: What It Means + Normal Range
Presence may suggest liver dysfunction or bile duct blockage.
C
- Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125)
Learn what Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Corrected Calcium
Adjusted calcium level, considering albumin levels, crucial for accurate assessment.
- Cortisol:DHEA-S Ratio
Ratio of cortisol to DHEA-Sulfate, assessing stress levels and adrenal health.
D
- Direct Bilirubin
Measures bilirubin processed by the liver; high levels may indicate bile duct obstruction.
E
- Estimated Average Glucose (eAG)
Average blood glucose level over the past few months; relates to HbA1c.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Creatinine (eGFRcr)
Estimates kidney filtration rate based on creatinine levels, important for assessing kidney function.
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Creatinine-CystatinC (eGFRcr-cys)
Estimates kidney filtration rate using both creatinine and cystatin C levels.
F
- Faecal Occult Blood Test
Learn what Faecal Occult Blood Test reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Fasting insulin
Hormone that regulates blood sugar, high levels can indicate insulin resistance.
- Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4)
Estimates liver fibrosis based on age, AST, ALT, and platelet count.
- Folate (Vitamin B9)
Crucial for DNA synthesis and cell growth, especially during pregnancy.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Regulates reproductive processes, important for fertility.
- Free Testosterone:Cortisol ratio
Assesses balance between anabolic and catabolic hormones, indicating recovery and stress levels.
Comparing two biomarkers?
Side-by-side explainers of commonly confused markers: what each one measures, how they differ, and when each is the more useful signal.
G
- Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
Enzyme linked to liver damage, especially from alcohol.
H
- HDL Cholesterol Ratio
Learn what HDL Cholesterol Ratio reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- HDL Particle Count
Learn what HDL Particle Count reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- HDL Particle Size
Learn what HDL Particle Size reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- HDL-Cholesterol
HDL helps transport cholesterol away from arteries, into the liver for breakdown.
- High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP)
Sensitive marker for chronic inflammation, related to heart disease.
I
- IGF-1
A marker of growth hormone activity that supports growth and tissue repair.
- Indirect Bilirubin
Bilirubin not yet processed by the liver; elevated levels may suggest increased red blood cell breakdown.
- Iron Saturation
Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron; low levels suggest iron deficiency.
L
- Large LDL Particle Count
Learn what Large LDL Particle Count reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Large VLDL Particle Count
Learn what Large VLDL Particle Count reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- LDL Particle Count
Learn what LDL Particle Count reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- LDL-Cholesterol
High LDL causes a build-up of cholesterol in arteries, leading to heart disease.
- Lead
Reflects exposure to a toxic heavy metal that can affect the nervous system, kidneys, and blood.
- Linoleic Acid
Learn what Linoleic Acid reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Lipase
A key marker for pancreatitis and fat digestion disorders.
- Lipoprotein (a)
A particularly dangerous particle that has strong links to cardiovascular and heart valve disease. Levels are genetically determined.
- LP-IR Score
Learn what LP-IR Score reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
M
- Magnesium, RBC
Low levels can lead to migraine, osteoporosis, and bronchial asthma.
- MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration)
Concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of red blood cells.
- MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
Average size of red blood cells, helps diagnose anemia types.
- Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
Learn what Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Mercury
May indicate heavy metal toxicity affecting the nervous system or kidneys.
- Methylmalonic Acid
Learn what Methylmalonic Acid reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Methylmalonic Acid, Normalized
Learn what Methylmalonic Acid, Normalized reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
N
- Neutrophil %
Percentage of neutrophils in white blood cells; elevated levels may indicate bacterial infection.
- Nucleated Red Blood Cells (NRBC)
Learn what Nucleated Red Blood Cells (NRBC) reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
O
- Occult Blood Test
Learn what Occult Blood Test reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Omega-6 Total
Learn what Omega-6 Total reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio
Learn what Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
P
- Peripheral Blood Film
Learn what Peripheral Blood Film reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Prolactin (Women only)
Hormone affecting milk production and menstrual cycles; elevated levels can cause infertility.
R
- RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width)
Measures variation in red blood cell size, helps diagnose different types of anemia.
- Red Cell Count
Measures the number of red blood cells, important for oxygen transport.
- Rheumatoid Factor
Learn what Rheumatoid Factor reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
S
- Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
Protein that binds to sex hormones; levels affect the amount of hormones available to tissues.
- Small LDL Particle Count
Learn what Small LDL Particle Count reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
T
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Regulates thyroid gland, essential for diagnosing thyroid disorders.
- Total Bilirubin
Pigment formed from the breakdown of red blood cells, high levels may indicate liver disease.
- Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
Total iron binding capacity, indicates iron levels and anemia.
- Total Omega-3
Learn what Total Omega-3 reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Total Testosterone
Indicates overall testosterone levels, important for sexual and general health.
- Total White Cell Count (TWC)
Measures immune system activity, high levels indicate infection or inflammation.
- Triiodothyronine (T3), Free
Active thyroid hormone affecting metabolism and energy.
U
- Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC)
Measures iron transport capacity; low levels indicate iron overload.
- Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (uACR)
Learn how the urine albumin-creatinine ratio test identifies early signs of kidney damage. Find out what your results mean with expert analysis from Mito Health.
- Urine Color
From dehydration to kidney or liver issues, your urine color and appearance can offer early health warnings. Learn how to interpret it with Mito Health.
- Urine FEME
Learn what Urine FEME reveals about your health and how to interpret this biomarker for deeper diagnostic insights.
- Urine Specific Gravity
Assesses urine concentration; helps evaluate kidney’s concentrating ability.
- Urine Yeasts
May indicate fungal infection in the urinary tract.
V
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