What is Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)?

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a protein hormone produced by cells within the ovarian follicles in females and by Sertoli cells in males.‍In women, AMH levels correlate with the number of antral follicles in the ovaries, providing insights into ovarian reserve, or the number of remaining eggs. In men, AMH plays a role in sexual differentiation during fetal development.

What does it assess?

AMH levels are primarily used as a marker of ovarian reserve in women.‍AMH testing is commonly used in fertility assessments, particularly when planning for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or when evaluating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).‍It can also help predict the timing of menopause, as AMH levels decline with age. In males, AMH testing is occasionally used to assess testicular function in specific pediatric cases.

How do I optimize my Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels?

Diets rich in antioxidants, healthy fats, and essential vitamins may help support ovarian health.‍Consuming foods high in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants can support overall reproductive function.‍ Managing body weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet can promote healthy ovarian function, as both obesity and being underweight may impact AMH levels and fertility potential.‍ Limiting exposure to endocrine disruptors (like BPA and phthalates commonly found in plastics and certain chemicals) may support ovarian health.‍Use glass containers when possible and avoid personal care products with potentially harmful chemicals.‍

What to high and low Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels mean?

Elevated AMH levels in women can suggest a high ovarian reserve.‍While high AMH can indicate greater fertility potential, extremely high levels may suggest polycystic ovarian characteristics and can be associated with anovulation or irregular menstrual cycles.‍Low AMH levels are generally associated with diminished ovarian reserve, which can indicate a lower remaining egg supply.‍This is more common as women age, but may also occur prematurely in conditions like primary ovarian insufficiency.