Cortisol: The Stress Hormone & Its Impact on Health

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, often referred to as the “stress hormone” due to its key role in managing the body’s response to stress.‍In addition to stress management, cortisol influences several other vital functions, including regulating metabolism, controlling blood sugar levels, reducing inflammation, and supporting the body’s circadian rhythm.

Cortisol levels are assessed to understand how well the adrenal glands are functioning and how the body is handling stress.‍A cortisol test can help diagnose conditions related to adrenal gland function, such as Cushing’s syndrome (associated with high cortisol levels) or Addison’s disease (associated with low cortisol levels).‍Cortisol testing can also provide insights into chronic stress, energy balance, and potential disturbances in circadian rhythm.

Chronic stress leads to persistently elevated cortisol.‍Incorporate stress-management practices, such as meditation, breathing exercises, and mindfulness, to help lower cortisol and support adrenal health. Cortisol follows a diurnal pattern, peaking in the morning and declining throughout the day. Good sleep hygiene practices can help regulate cortisol. Physical activity helps modulate cortisol. Aim for moderate exercise, like walking, yoga, or light strength training, rather than excessive high-intensity workouts, which can raise cortisol if done too frequently.

Persistently high cortisol levels may indicate chronic stress, Cushing’s syndrome, or adrenal overactivity. Symptoms of elevated cortisol include weight gain, high blood pressure, anxiety, muscle weakness, and elevated blood sugar.‍Chronically high cortisol can also suppress immune function and increase the risk of metabolic conditions.‍Low cortisol levels may be a sign of adrenal insufficiency, Addison’s disease, or chronic fatigue.‍Individuals with low cortisol may experience low energy, especially during stressful situations, and may be more prone to infections and immune challenges.