What is HbA1c?

Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a biomarker that measures the average level of blood glucose over the past two to three months.‍This is done by assessing the percentage of haemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, that is glycated (coated with sugar) to form HbA1c.‍This glycation is proportional to the average blood glucose concentration.

What does it assess?

Maintaining optimal HbA1c levels is vital for extending healthspan, as high HbA1c levels indicate poor long-term blood glucose control and are linked to numerous health risks.

How do I optimize my HbA1c levels?

Consuming foods with a low glycemic index helps prevent large spikes in blood sugar.‍Limiting simple carbohydrates and sugary foods can further help maintain stable blood glucose levels. Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity, allowing glucose to be used more effectively by the body, which helps lower blood glucose levels over time.‍Aim for a combination of aerobic and resistance training. Distributing carbohydrate intake evenly throughout the day and being mindful of portion sizes can prevent large fluctuations in blood sugar levels, contributing to more stable HbA1c levels.

What do high and low HbA1c levels mean?

High HbA1c levels indicate prolonged elevated blood sugar, suggesting prediabetes or diabetes.‍Persistent high HbA1c increases the risk of complications associated with diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and nerve issues.‍Very low HbA1c levels can be a sign of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially in individuals managing diabetes with insulin or medications that lower blood glucose.‍In individuals without diabetes, low HbA1c typically indicates stable and well-regulated blood sugar levels.